The new high intensity training creatine
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Baseline levels of muscle phosphocreatine influence the magnitude of the increase in muscle phosphocreatine following creatine supplementation (adapted from Rawson et al., 2002).Īnimal and in vitro research in the 1970s demonstrated that insulin enhanced the transport of creatine from the circulation into the skeletal muscle of rats (Koszalka et al., 1972 Haugland & Chang, 1975). However, this cannot fully explain the large intersubject variability in the response.įIGURE 1. Subjects with lower muscle creatine stores have the greatest increase in muscle creatine following supplementation, whereas subjects with higher creatine levels will experience little or no increase in muscle creatine (Figure 1). The strongest determinant of how much creatine will be taken up into muscle following supplementation is the initial creatine content in that muscle (Harris et al., 1992 Hultman et al., 1996). Duration of creatine use in various populations of athletes.įactors Influencing Muscle Creatine Uptake Following Supplementation Thus, rather than ingesting creatine acutely to improve performance at a particular athletic event, many athletes use creatine chronically in an effort to increase muscle strength, muscle size, and body mass during training.
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(1999) reported that baseball and football players most often ingest creatine in the off-season, which is the time of year when athletes undergo training to increase strength and/or body mass for the forthcoming competitive season. Greenwood et al., 2000 LaBotz & Smith, 1999ĭespite the literature clearly showing that a brief (5 day) high-dose creatine-loading phase is sufficient to saturate muscles with creatine (Hultman et al., 1996), survey data indicate that athletes often ingest creatine supplements for weeks or months, rather than for several days before an athletic event (Table 2). High School Football Players (freshman through senior classes) Prevalence of creatine use in various populations of athletes. Surveys indicate that 17-74% of athletes of various ages and sport disciplines use creatine (Table 1) and that as many as 50% of the senior-class members of American high-school football teams use it (McGuine et al., 2001).
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Phosphocreatine is a critical fuel for sprinting and other brief activities requiring high power outputs.Department of Exercise ScienceUniversity of MassachusettsAmherst, MA Department of Exercise Science and Athletics Bloomsburg University Bloomsburg, PA Sports Science Exchange 91 SCIENTIFICALLY DEBATABLE: IS CREATINE WORTH ITS WEIGHT? VOLUME 16 (2003) NUMBER 4Įric S.